PSG has now claimed the prestigious trophy on 14 different occasions.
The Parisian giants required a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in Kuwait and secure a fourth straight Trophee des Champions title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be coasting towards a comfortable win in the match featuring the French league winners and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele found the net early on.
However, Marseille fired twice late to take a shock advantage. Initially, the English forward scored from the penalty spot, before the defender unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking twist of fortune, Goncalo Ramos snatched a vital leveler in the dying seconds to send the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the hero, stopping decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all converted successfully for PSG to seal a convincing shootout win.
Now 14-time winners Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the last 13 years.